IUPAC numerical multiplier Totally Explained

Everything about Iupac Numerical Multiplier totally explained

Number	Multiplier	Number	Multiplier
1	mono-	32	dotriaconta-
2	di-	40	tetraconta-
3	tri-	50	pentaconta-
4	tetra-	60	hexaconta-
5	penta-	70	heptaconta-
6	hexa-	80	octaconta-
7	hepta-	90	nonaconta-
8	octa-	100	hecta-
9	nona-	200	dicta-
10	deca-	300	tricta-
11	undeca-	400	tetracta-
12	dodeca-	500	pentacta-
13	trideca-	600	hexacta-
14	tetradeca-	700	heptacta-
15	pentadeca-	800	octacata-
16	hexadeca-	900	nonacta-
17	heptadeca-	1000	kilia-
18	octadeca-	2000	dilia-
19	nonadeca-	3000	trilia-
20	icosa-	4000	tetralia-
21	henicosa-	5000	pentalia-
22	docosa-	6000	hexalia-
23	tricosa-	7000	heptalia-
30	triconta-	8000	octalia-
31	hentriconta-	9000	nonalia-

The numerical multiplier (or multiplying affix) in IUPAC nomenclature indicates how many particular atoms or functional groups are attached at a particular point in a molecule. The affixes are derived from both Latin and Greek.

Compound affixes

The affix for a number larger than twelve is constructed is the opposite order to that which the number is written in Hindu-Arabic numerals: units, then tens, then hundreds, then thousands. For example: ť 548 → octa- (8) + tetraconta- (40) + pentacta- (500) = octatetracontapentacta-

9267 → hepta- (7) + hexaconta- (60) + dicta- (200) + nonalia- (9000) = heptahexacontadictanonalia-

The numeral one

While the use of the affix mono- is rarely necessary in organic chemistry, it's often essential in inorganic chemistry to avoid ambiguity: carbon oxide could refer to either carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. In forming compound affixes, the numeral one is represented by the term hen- except when it forms part of the number eleven (undeca-): hence ť 241 → hen- (1) + tetraconta- (40) + dicta- (200) = hentetracontadicta-

411 → undeca- (11) + tetracta- (400) = undecatetracta-

The numeral two

In compound affixes, the numeral two is represented by do- except when it forms part of the numbers 20 (icosa-), 200 (dicta-) or 2000 (dilia-).

Icosa- v. eicosa-

IUPAC prefers the spelling icosa- for the affix corresponding to the number twenty on the grounds of etymology. However both the Chemical Abstracts Service and the Beilstein database use the alternative spelling eicosa-.

Etymology

"mono-" is from Greek monos = "alone". "un" = 1 and "nona-" = 9 are from Latin. The others are derived from Greek numbers.
Linguists should note that the forms 100 and upwards are not correct Greek. In Ancient Greek, hekaton = 100, diakosioi = 200, triakosioi = 300, etc, khīlioi = 1000, diskhīlioi = 2000, triskhīlioi = 3000, etc, and 13 to 19 are treiskaideka etc with the Greek for "and" inserted (as in triskaidekaphobia).

Source

Further Information

Get more info on 'Iupac Numerical Multiplier'.

External Link Exchanges

Do you know how hard it is to get a link from a large encyclopaedia? Well we're different and will prove it. To get a link from us just add the following HTML to your site on a relevant page:

<a href="http://iupac_numerical_multiplier.totallyexplained.com">IUPAC numerical multiplier Totally Explained</a>

Then simply click through this link from your web page. Our crawlers will verify your link, extract the title of your web page and instantly add a link back to it. If you like you can remove the words Totally Explained and embed the link in article text.
As long as your link remains in place, we'll keep our link to you right here. Please play fair - our crawlers are watching. Your site must be closely related to this one's topic. Any kind of spamming, dubious practises or removing the link will result in your link from us being dropped and, potentially, your whole site being banned.